13 December 2011
28 November 2011
Prevention of Diseases Caused by Microorganisms
1. Some people believe that prevention is better than cure.
2. Diseases caused by microorganisms can be prevented by the following methods.
(a) Washing hands: Wash your hands with soap and water after you touch an animal, after using the toilet and before you handle or eat food.
(b) Boiling water: Most microorganisms die under high temperature, Therefore, all food or drink must be cooked or boiled thoroughly.
(c) Covering mouth: To help the people around you stay well, use a tissue to cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough. This is to prevent the microorganisms from being released into the air.
(d) Covering woungs: This can prevent the wound being infected by harmful microorganisms.
(e) Quarantine: Put the patients with contagious diseases under quarantine. This can help to prevent the spread of the diseases.
3. Washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them and storing and cooking food properly can also help you avoid getting contagious diseases.
2. Diseases caused by microorganisms can be prevented by the following methods.
(a) Washing hands: Wash your hands with soap and water after you touch an animal, after using the toilet and before you handle or eat food.
(b) Boiling water: Most microorganisms die under high temperature, Therefore, all food or drink must be cooked or boiled thoroughly.
(c) Covering mouth: To help the people around you stay well, use a tissue to cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough. This is to prevent the microorganisms from being released into the air.
(d) Covering woungs: This can prevent the wound being infected by harmful microorganisms.
(e) Quarantine: Put the patients with contagious diseases under quarantine. This can help to prevent the spread of the diseases.
3. Washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them and storing and cooking food properly can also help you avoid getting contagious diseases.
Diseases Caused by Microorganisms
1. There are many types of diseases with many different causes.
2. Many diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses. Some are caused by fungi and protozoa.
Diseases caused by microorganisms
4. A contagious disease can spread through different ways such as air, food or water and direct contact.
5. Air
(a) Microoganisms are very small and light.
(b) Thus, when an infected person sneezes or coughs, these microorganisms are released into the air. Healthy people may inhale these microorganisms and get infected.
(c) An example of a diseases caused by fungi such as ringworm and tinea.
6. Direct contact
(a) Direct contact with a sick person can cause the microoganisms to spread and cause infection.
(b) Measles can spread from one person to another by direct contact such as shaking hands.
(c) The sharing of clothing or personal items such as towels, may lead to the spread of diseases caused by fungi such as ringworm and tinea.
7. Food or water
(a) Some diseases spread when people drink water containing harmful microorganisms. Cholera, caused by a bacterium, can spread this way.
(b) Other diseases spread when people eat food containing harmful microorganisms.
(c) Food which are not covered is exposed to microorganisms in the air. If a person eats the food, he will get infected.
(d) Food can be infected if it is prepared or handled in an unclean way, for example, handling food with dirty hands.
2. Many diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses. Some are caused by fungi and protozoa.
Diseases caused by microorganisms
- Bacteria - Cholera, Conjunctivitis, Mumps, Scabies
- Virus - AIDS, Flu, Cough, Measles, Chicken pox
- Fungi - Ringworm, Tinea
- Protozoa - Malaria
4. A contagious disease can spread through different ways such as air, food or water and direct contact.
5. Air
(a) Microoganisms are very small and light.
(b) Thus, when an infected person sneezes or coughs, these microorganisms are released into the air. Healthy people may inhale these microorganisms and get infected.
(c) An example of a diseases caused by fungi such as ringworm and tinea.
6. Direct contact
(a) Direct contact with a sick person can cause the microoganisms to spread and cause infection.
(b) Measles can spread from one person to another by direct contact such as shaking hands.
(c) The sharing of clothing or personal items such as towels, may lead to the spread of diseases caused by fungi such as ringworm and tinea.
7. Food or water
(a) Some diseases spread when people drink water containing harmful microorganisms. Cholera, caused by a bacterium, can spread this way.
(b) Other diseases spread when people eat food containing harmful microorganisms.
(c) Food which are not covered is exposed to microorganisms in the air. If a person eats the food, he will get infected.
(d) Food can be infected if it is prepared or handled in an unclean way, for example, handling food with dirty hands.
Harmful Effects of Microorganisms
1. Not all bacteria are useful. Some bacteria are harmful to people.
2. Harmful microorganisms include certain bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa. These microorganisms can cause:
3. Food poisoning is caused by eating food that is infected by harmful microorganisms.
4. Food poisoning can lead to stomach upset, diarrhoea and vomiting.
5. Spores of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in the air which land on our food make food turn bad.
6. Bacteria and fungi feed on the nutrients in food and their waste products (toxin) cause food to smell and taste bad.
2. Harmful microorganisms include certain bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoa. These microorganisms can cause:
(a) illnesses
(b) food poisoning
(c) food to turn bad
(d) tooth decay
3. Food poisoning is caused by eating food that is infected by harmful microorganisms.
4. Food poisoning can lead to stomach upset, diarrhoea and vomiting.
5. Spores of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in the air which land on our food make food turn bad.
6. Bacteria and fungi feed on the nutrients in food and their waste products (toxin) cause food to smell and taste bad.
7. Tooth decay also caused by microorganisms.
8. Food in our mouth and on the surface of our teeth encourages the growth of bacteria. The activity of these bacteria causes tooth decay.
26 November 2011
Uses of Microorganisms
1. Some microorganisms are widely used in making food.
(a) Yeast (fungi) makes bread dough rise and the bread becomes fluffy.
(b) Other fungi are used in making soy sauce and tempe.
(c) Some bacteria turn milk into cheese.
(d) Some bacteria also turn milk into yoghurt.
2. Yeast is used in making tapai. Tapai is a tradisional food which is produces by the fermentation of glutinous rice or tapioca.
3. Bacteria that live in soil help to break down the remians of dead organisms. It helps in fertilizing the soil for plants growth.
(a) Yeast (fungi) makes bread dough rise and the bread becomes fluffy.
(b) Other fungi are used in making soy sauce and tempe.
(c) Some bacteria turn milk into cheese.
(d) Some bacteria also turn milk into yoghurt.
2. Yeast is used in making tapai. Tapai is a tradisional food which is produces by the fermentation of glutinous rice or tapioca.
3. Bacteria that live in soil help to break down the remians of dead organisms. It helps in fertilizing the soil for plants growth.
23 November 2011
Some Microorganisms are Harmful and Some are Useful
(a) Microorganisms can be useful or harmful.
(b) Useful microorganisms can be used in making food.
(c) Harmful microorganisms cause diseases.
(b) Useful microorganisms can be used in making food.
(c) Harmful microorganisms cause diseases.
22 November 2011
Microorganisms Move
(a) Microorganisms move in their own ways depending on where they live.
(b) We can see the movement of microorganisms such as protozoa which live in water.
(c) The movement of microorganisms can be seen using a microscope.
(d) Most aquatic microorganisms move by whisking their tails rapidly in water.
(b) We can see the movement of microorganisms such as protozoa which live in water.
(c) The movement of microorganisms can be seen using a microscope.
(d) Most aquatic microorganisms move by whisking their tails rapidly in water.
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